Contents
Contents高分子物理基础Chapter 1Introduction1
11The importance of polymer science and engineering1
12The task of polymer physics1
121The main task of polymer physics1
122Main contents and the requirements of the course2
13The definition and the chemical nature of polymers2
131Introduction2
132The classification of polymers4
133Classical polymerization processes7
134Newer polymers and polymerization processes11
14A brief history of the development of polymer science and synthetic polymers12
141Development of polymer science12
142Development of synthetic polymers16
15Properties and applications of polymers20
16Polymer processing22
161Introduction22
162Additives and composites22
163Polymer processing23
Questions25
Reference25
Chapter 2Molecular sizes—the molecular mass and distribution27
21Introduction27
22Statistical significance of polymer molecular mass28
23Characterization methods of polymer molecular mass28
24Characterization method of the molecular mass distribution30
25Determination of molar masses and distributions33
251Endgroup Analysis35
252Osmotic Pressure 36
253Light Scattering 38
254Flight Time 46
255Viscometry 51
26Determination Methods of Molecular Mass Distribution54
261Phase Separation and Fractionation 54
262Gel Permeation Chromatography 55
Questions59
Reference61
Chapter 3The chain structure of polymers65
31Introduction65
32Construction66
33Configuration68
331Bonding methods of monomer68
332Branching70
333Crosslinking 71
334Sequential structure of copolymer 72
335Configuration isomerism of polymer chains 74
34Conformation77
341Size and shape of polymer chain78
342The shapes of polymer molecules79
343The internal rotational conformation and flexibility of a polymer chain83
344The single freely jointed chain90
345More realistic chainsthe excluded volume effect92
346Characteristics of polymer chain flexibility94
347Wormlike chains95
Questions96
Reference97
Chapter 4The condensed structure of polymers98
41Introduction98
42Forces between polymer molecules99
421Van der Waals force and hydrogen bond99
422Cohesive energy and cohesive energy density101
43The structure model of amorphous polymer102
431Three structural models of amorphous state102
432The macroconformations of polymers103
433Lamellar stacks104
44Crystalline state of polymers105
441Crystal morphology of crystalline polymers 105
442Crystallization process of polymer117
443Structural model of crystalline polymers126
45Crystallinity129
451Definition of crystallinity129
452Experimental determination of crystallinity130
453Factors influencing crystallinity133
454The effect of crystallinity on polymer properties138
46Melting and melting point of crystalline polymers142
461Melting thermodynamic analysis of crystalline polymers142
462Melting characteristics of crystalline polymers142
463Influencing factors of polymer melting point144
47Orientation state of polymer153
471Orientation phenomenon of polymer153
472Orientation mechanism155
473Degree of orientation and its testing methods156
474Applications of orientation156
48Liquid crystal state of polymer159
481The structure of polymer liquid crystal159
482Characteristics of polymer liquid crystals161
483Application of polymer liquid crystal163
Questions164
Reference165
Chapter 5Polymer solution167
51Introduction167
52Polymer dissolution process and solvent selection168
521Characteristics of polymer dissolution processes170
522Thermodynamic explanation of polymer dissolution process172
523Selection of polymer solvent176
53FloryHuggins polymer solution theory178
531Mixing entropy（ΔSm)179
532Heat of mixing181
533Chemical potential of polymer solution183
54Ideal solution of polymer184
55Nonideal behavior theory of polymer solutions186
551FloryKrigbaum dilute solution theory186
552FloryRehner solution theory189
553Van′t Hoff dilution theories190
56Phase equilibrium and phase separation of polymer solutions191
57Scaling concept and scaling law of polymers194
58Semidilute polymer solutions195
581The dilute to semidilute transition196
582The size of a polymer chain in a semidilute solution197
583A series drop model of semidilute solution197
584Osmotic pressure of a semidilute solution198
59The influence of temperature and concentration on the size of polymeric
chains in a solution200
510Polymer gels200
511Polyelectrolyte solution201
512Diffusion of polymers in solution203
513Viscous motion of flexible polymers in dilute solution205
Questions210
Reference211
Chapter 6Polymer blends212
61Introduction212
611Polymer blends and its category212
612Types of polymer blends and expression of blends composition212
613Advantages of polymer blending 213
62Preparation methods of polymer blends215
63Thermodynamic basis of polymer blends216
64Compatibility and compatibilization of polymer blends218
641Fundamental concept of polymer compatibility218
642Compatibility prediction219
643Research methods of compatibility220
644Methods to enhance compatibility224
65Morphology of polymer blends225
651Types of morphology in polymer blends225
652Factors influencing the phase morphology of polymer blends231
66Phase interfaces of blends234
661Factors related to polymer surface tension234
662Interfacial tension of polymerpolymer twophase system236
663Interface layer and interface action237
67Performance of polymer blend systems240
671Factors affecting blend performance241
672General relationship between the properties of polymer blends and their components242
673Mechanical properties of polymer blends248
674Rheological properties of polymer blends248
675Glass transition of polymer blend systems251
Questions255
Reference256
Chapter 7Motion of polymer molecules257
71Introduction257
72Characteristics of thermal motion of polymer molecules257
73Polymer molecular motion and mechanical state260
731Mechanical state transition of amorphous polymers260
732Secondary relaxation transition263
74The glass transition of polymers263
741Evidence of the glass transition in polymers263
742The theory of glass transition in polymers265
743Measurement of Tg269
744Factors affecting the Tg273
75Viscous flow284
751The movement of chains during polymer viscosity flow284
752The snakelike motion of polymer chains and the pipe model in viscoelastic flow285
753Factors of influence on viscosity flow temperature287
754Factors affecting the viscosity of polymer melt292
Questions297
Reference299
Chapter 8Mechanical properties of polymersPart I：Tensile，Yield，
Break and Strength300
81Introduction300
82Basic physical quantities and mechanical performance parameters301
83Tensile behavior of polymers309
831Stressstrain curves of glassy state polymers313
832The stressstrain curve of crystalline and semicrystalline polymers316
833Tensile behavior of hardelastic polymers 317
834Plasticrubber transition by strain319
84Yield of polymers321
85Fracture theory and theoretical strength of polymers322
851Fracture theory322
852Theoretical strength of polymers327
86Factors that influence the actual strength of polymers329
861Effects of structural factors of polymers329
862Effects of crystallization and orientation330
863Effects of stress concentration331
864Effects of plasticizers333
865Effects of fillers333
866Effects of copolymerization and blending337
867The influence of external force acting speed and temperature338
Questions339
Reference341
Chapter 9Mechanical properties of polymersPart Ⅱ：High elasticity and
viscoelasticity342
91Introduction342
92Physical properties of hyperelastic polymers343
921The phenomenology of rubber elasticity343
922Characteristics of hyperelasticity349
923The thermodynamic analysis of rubber elasticity354
924The statistical theory of rubber elasticity355
93Swelling of crosslinked networks and the ultimate properties of rubber365
94Mechanical relaxation of polymersviscoelasticity366
941Mechanical relaxation phenomenon of polymers366
942Mechanical models of viscoelasticity369
95The relationship between viscoelasticity and time，temperaturetime
equivalence principle374
96Boltzmann superposition principle376
97Experimental methods for studying viscoelastic behaviour378
971Transient measurements378
972Dynamic measurementsthe complex modulus and compliance379
973Dynamic measurements；examples380
98Relaxation transformation and molecular mechanism of polymers387
Questions394
Reference397
Chapter 10Other properties of polymers398
101Introduction398
102Electrical properties of polymers398
1021Dielectric properties of polymers398
1022Polymer conductivity409
1023Electrostatic phenomena in polymers410
1024Other electrical properties of polymers411
103Optical properties of polymers412
104Permeability of polymers413
1041Definition413
1042Gas permeation theory413
1043Major factors affecting gas permeability414
105Surface and interface properties of polymers415
1051The bonding properties of the interface416
1052Performance of Polymer Adhesives417
1053Surface modification417
106Thermal Performance418
1061Thermal resistance performance418
1062Thermal decomposition of polymers422
1063Thermal conductivity of polymer425
1064Thermal expansion property425
1065Specific heat（heat capacity)427
107Biocompatibility of polymer materials427
1071Special requirements for bone cement427
1072Polymeric materials for blood contact428
Questions429
Reference429
Chapter 11Analyzing and characterizing methods of polymers432
111Introduction432
112Infrared and Raman spectroscopy432
1121Infrared Spectroscopy 432
1122Laser Raman spectroscopy 435
113Mass spectrometry437
1131The basic principle of mass spectrometry 437
1132The application of mass spectrometry438
114Nuclear magnetic resonance method439
1141Chemical shift440
1142Fourier transform nuclear magnetic technology 442
1143Spinspin coupling，dipole decoupling and cross polarization442
1144Magic Angle Spinning443
1145Application of NMR in the study of polymer chain structure444
1146Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopic imaging technology 445
115Smallangle laser scattering method446
1151The principle of measuring spherulite size by small angle laser scattering method 446
1152Study on phase separation process by small angle laser scattering method448
116Dynamic light scattering method449
1161Data processing of dynamic light scattering 452
1162Application of dynamic light scattering 453
117Xray diffraction and small angle Xray scattering454
1171Xray diffraction study of crystal structure 454
1172Xray small angle scattering method 457
118Small angle neutron scattering method460
119Laser confocal microscope463
1110Electron microscope464
11101The construction principle of transmission electron microscope 464
11102Experimental method of transmission electron microscope 465
11103The application of transmission electron microscopy 467
11104Scanning electron microscope468
1111Atomic force microscope（AFM)471
11111The working principle and device composition of AFM471
11112Working mode of AFM 473
11113Application of AFM475
1112Thermal analysis of polymersDSC and DTA476
1113Thermal stability analysis of polymer479
Questions480
Reference481